(2012) were also considered. This comparison allowed us to estimate the distribution of the Hungarian clones within the internationally established human clinical and environmental clone collection of P. aeruginosa and to establish newly described clones. selleck chemical For genotype comparison, the eBurst algorithm was used (http://eburst.mlst.net). For cluster analysis, the UPGMA dendrogram showing genetic relations within Hungarian strains was generated by treecon software package (Van de Peer & De Wachter, 1994). Cluster analysis was

based on the presence or absence of all 20 marker genes of the core genome, including SNPs, as well as di- and multiallelic loci fliC and fpvA. To address our initial assumption that P. aeruginosa strains representing different habitats may differ in their genomic patterns, a collection of bovine (non-clinical), environmental (aquatic), and human (clinical) strains within a well-defined geographical region (Hungary) was genotyped. In general, a genetic diversity of P. aeruginosa strains in all three habitats was observed, Maraviroc nmr with a tendency for segregated clustering of bovine and human clones. Results of genotyping of the P. aeruginosa strains based on the SNPs and fliC types of the core genome and on the exoS/exoU of the accessory genome identified as many as 33 clones, among which six represented

bovine strains. Seventeen of these clones have been described earlier (Wiehlmann et al., 2007), including clones 0C4A, A429, 8E9A, 2C22 identified recently in human strains (Mainz et al., 2009), and clone 282A detected very recently in natural waters (Selezska et al., 2012). However, one bovine, five human, and ten environmental clones of this Hungarian collection have not been identified previously (Table 1). Among representatives of the three habitats, bovine strains displayed the least diverse clonal structure. The majority of them (20 strains) merged into three major clones with 4–10 strains selleck inhibitor in each, representing several subregions of Hungary (Table 1). The largest

bovine clone EB92 represented a new clone with 10 strains from five different geographical subregions including the large farm of Kiscséripuszta (Table 2). The clonal diversity index of strains representing the large farm of Kiscséripuszta (5 clones/14 strains = 0.36) was about the same as that of the other group of strains representing nine different farms (3 clones/10 strains = 0.30). In comparison with bovine strains, clonality of the human strains and especially of those from the environment was more diverse. With the exception of two major human P. aeruginosa clones established (0C2E and 2C1A), the remaining human and environmental strains formed several individual clones with a maximum of two strains. Among them, five human and 10 environmental clones were regarded as new ones, complementing the clonal repertoire of the earlier studies of Wiehlmann et al. (2007) and of Selezska et al. (2012).