05). LVEF was similar in patients

with versus without OSA or CSA. Patients with CSA were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of ischemic cardiomyopathy than patients without sleep apnea.

Conclusions: Previously undiagnosed CSA is common in ICD recipients. Severely disordered breathing during sleep was more prevalent among patients with CSA than patients with OSA. This prospective, observational study will examine the long-term clinical significance of sleep-disordered breathing in ICD recipients. (PACE 2009; 32:S8-S11)”
“There is considerable controversy over the deformation behavior of germanium (Ge) under nanoindentation using a sharp diamond tip, with a diverse range of click here observations that suggest competing mechanisms. Here we show the deformation mechanism of Ge can be controlled by the rate of applied load. Loading rate is varied over three orders of magnitude using depth-sensing nanoindentation.

At slow loading rates, shear-induced plasticity is observed. At DMXAA rapid loading rates (>100 mN s(-1)), pressure-induced phase transformations are detected by ex situ micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. This switch in the deformation mechanism is due to the differing rate sensitivities of the respective deformation modes, shear-induced plasticity or pressure-induced phase transformation. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3151967]“
“Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism; however, the exact mechanism of action and regulation of FGF21 is not fully understood. Metabolic status plays an important role in the regulation of FGF21, and we therefore examined whether metformin, an indirect AMPK-activator, regulates FGF21 expression in hepatocytes. FGF21 mRNA and protein expression were determined

after incubation of primary cultured rat and human hepatocytes with metformin for 24 hours. To study the role of AMPK in the putative regulation of FGF21, hepatocytes were incubated with Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) in the presence of metformin. A strong dose-dependent increase in FGF21 expression was observed in both rat and human hepatocytes treated with metformin. Sonidegib This effect was blocked by addition of the AMPK-inhibitor Compound C. The study shows that metformin is a potent inducer of hepatic FGF21 expression and that the effect of metformin seems to be mediated through AMPK activation. As FGF21 therapy normalizes blood glucose in animal models of type 2 diabetes, the induction of hepatic FGF21 by metformin might play an important role in metformin’s antidiabetic effect.”
“Background and aims: Efferent limb syndrome (ELS) after S pouch and pouch-rectal anastomosis (PRA) after J pouch are common anatomical problems after restorative proctocolectomy that lead to pouch outlet obstruction. This study was aimed to evaluate the frequency, diagnosis and management of ELS and PRA.