Only areas AL and RL were statistically indistinguishable from each other across all mean tuning metrics.

A formal comparison of the proportion of responsive cells in each area revealed statistical differences between AL and RL (χ2 = 31.535, 1 degree of freedom, p < 0.0001 for TF proportion, χ2 = CAL-101 clinical trial 5.047, 1 degree of freedom, p < 0.05 for SF proportion). These results demonstrate that the mouse visual areas investigated in this study are functionally distinct and are specialized to represent different spatiotemporal information. In terms of general trends in encoding combinations of visual features, some relationships were evident in the mean tuning across visual areas and in cell-by-cell population correlations of each visual area. In most cases, significant correlations in the populations of individual

neurons were generally low (generally less than or equal to R = 0.3, Figure S6). This seemed to indicate that populations of neurons in each area were more or less evenly distributed Cisplatin nmr in terms of tuning for pairs of stimulus parameters. Still, some trends were observed, and they may be informative in understanding relationships between tuning for different stimulus parameters. For example, orientation and direction selectivity appear closely related across areas in terms of mean OSI and DSI and are positively correlated in terms of cell-by-cell correlations in areas V1 and LM (Figure 7B and Figure S6B). Areas that prefer high SFs tend to prefer low TFs, except for areas AM and especially LI, which have particularly high mean preferences for both (Figure 7A). Area LI is the only area with a strong negative correlation between SF and TF tuning on a population level (R = the −0.77, p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected), suggesting that neurons in this area tend to either encode high TFs or high SFs, but not the combination of both (Figure S6A). Areas with high mean preferred TF tend to have higher mean OSI and DSI (Figures 7C and 7D). Positive correlations between these metrics were found for areas V1 and AL for OSI and areas

V1, LM, AL, and RL for DSI across each population of neurons (Figures S6C and S6D). The relationships between SF tuning and orientation and direction selectivity are most apparent in cell-by-cell correlations, which show positive correlations between preferred SF and OSI in areas V1, LM, and AL (Figure S6E). SF and DSI are negatively correlated in areas AL, RL, and PM and weakly positively correlated in V1 (Figure S6F). In the present study, we found that mouse visual cortex contains a highly organized arrangement of distinct visual areas, which each encode unique combinations of spatiotemporal features. Our nearly complete, high-resolution retinotopic maps reveal a continuous fine-scale organization across mouse visual cortex, comprising at least nine independent representations of the contralateral visual field.