“
“In the marine crop Pyropia yezoensis (Ueda) M. S. Hwang et H. G. Choi, it is known that conchospores from heterozygous conchocelis develop into sectored gametophytic JAK inhibitor blades (chimeras), but archeospores asexually released from haploid blades do not usually grow into chimeric blades. In this study, chimeras with mosaic pattern consisting of the green and wildtype colors were developed from archeospores that were released from a blade piece containing a cell cluster of green color induced by heavy-ion beam irradiation. To make clear whether these archeospores were produced from the green-colored cells or the wildtype-colored cells, cell clusters of the green mutant, wildtype, and mosaic pattern were cut

out from the grown chimera, and archeospores were released from each of the three blade pieces. Archeospores from the green-mutant blade piece and from the wildtype blade piece developed into only green-mutant blades and wildtype blades, respectively. In contrast, archeospores from the blade piece with mosaic pattern developed into green-mutant blades, wildtype blades, and chimeric blades with mosaic pattern of the two colors, although the frequency of the chimeras was low. Because each gametophytic

cell possesses a single plastid, it is difficult to explain the occurrence of the new chimeras as a mutation of the plastid DNA. Thus, the new chimeras are considered to be due to transposable elements in Pyropia. “
“Effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in the concentrations of 10 or 100 μM on selected physiological parameters in Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Bréb. after 24 h of exposure was studied. Results were compared with the click here application of general toxic metal (cadmium, Cd) to identify MeJA-specific responses. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS; hydrogen peroxide and superoxide) was the most elevated by 10 μM MeJA and

100 μM Cd, while total chls showed decrease (Cd) and increase (MeJA) in these variants. The amount of carotenoids and cell viability were affected neither by MeJA nor by Cd application. The sum of free amino acids was considerably elevated by 10 μM Cd (increase selleck kinase inhibitor in histidine, threonine, arginine, leucine, and lysine mainly) but depleted by 100 μM MeJA (14 from 17 compounds decreased), while accumulation of soluble proteins was unaffected by Cd and enhanced by MeJA. Cadmium application reduced the amount of Ca and also Mg in the case of 100 μM Cd, while MeJA had no effect on the content of mineral nutrients. Total Cd content reached 557 and 1,334 μg · g−1 dry weight (dwt) in 10 and 100 μM Cd variant, respectively. Intracellular Cd uptake was ca. 55% from total Cd content in both Cd variants. The present findings are discussed in the context of the available literature, and possible explanations are suggested. “
“Raphidophytes (class Raphidophyceae) produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), yet little is known regarding cellular scavenging mechanisms needed for protection against these radicals.