J Hepatology 2012). It is thought that SBP is developed following bacteremia after bacterial translocation in the intestinal tract. Therefore we used the ISH method for blood samples taken from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and considered the significance of bacterial detection. Methods: Sixty peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with ascites and were examined for bacteria using both conventional blood culture and ISH method simultaneously. Thirty-five patients also underwent paracentesis of ascites to search for SBP. The ISH method we used was the kit provided by Fuso Pharmaceuticals (Tokyo, Japan). Results: Thirty-seven

of 60 blood samples (61.7%) showed a positive result in using the

Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor ISH test while only 6 samples (10.0%) were positive in using the blood bottle culture method (p<0.01). The difference of detection ratio depended on the presence buy BMS-777607 of fever and more than 1 mg/dl of CRP level in the patients. No patient had a positive blood culture and a negative ISH method. The bacteria in the 37 samples detected by the ISH method were 30 samples of E. coli group (81.1%), 6 of E. faecalis (16.2%), and 4 of P. aeruginosa (10.8%) with multiple identification in a single sample. Eight of 35 patients were diagnosed with SBP. Six of the 8 patients showed positive results using the ISH method while bacteria were detected in only one case by blood culture. Conclusion: The ISH method resulted in a higher positive rate of

bacterial detection than blood culture in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. These results might show that bacterial translocation which cannot be proved by conventional culture occurs. Once patients with decompensated cirrhosis are affected with infection such as SBP or bacteremia, they are thought to have poor prognosis. So it would be better that these patients with the positive ISH method should be treated soon. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis, the ISH method can be helpful for rapid diagnosis and prevention from bacteremia and SBP. Disclosures: The following people have nothing to disclose: Shingo Usui, Hirotoshi Selleck Regorafenib Ebinuma, Po-sung Chu, Nobuhito Taniki, Yuko Wakayama, Nobuhiro Nakamoto, Yoshi-yuki Yamagishi, Kazuo Sugiyama, Hidetsugu Saito, Takanori Kanai The diagnostic criteria for ACLF were described from data of1353 European patients (CANONIC study;Gastroenterology 2013). Two main observations of the study were that the CLIF-SOFA score could be used to diagnose ACLF and classify its severity and, inflammation was important in its pathogenesis. Much debate in the literature has suggested that the ‘Eastern type’ of ACLF, where the main underlying cause of liver disease is Hepatitis B may not have the same pathophysiologic characteristics and therefore requires different diagnostic and prognostic criteria.