The results shown were obtained using the Cell Quest software (Becton Dickinson) and are shown in a dose and time dependent manner to better visualize the effect induced by treatment (Figure  2). As depicted in Figure  2A and B, induction of cell death was present upon treatment

in a time and dose dependent manner. Despite weak, this apoptotic effect was fully reproducible and specifically connected to the hormone treatment. The changes in cell cycle distribution after 24 hours of AMH exposure suggested that AMH plays an important role in inducing an initial increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase, which is translated into a G1 block at 48 hrs. Interestingly, while the effects on apoptosis are dose and time dependent, the cell cycle effects seem only time dependent (Figure  2C-D). The results of high-AMH concentrations XMU-MP-1 ic50 treatment have confirmed a decreased percentage of cells in S phase with increased percentage of cells in G1 and G2 phase (Figure  2D) and increasing local AMH concentration in cultured human endometriosis stromal cells decreased cell viability and increased percentage of cells death fraction also (Figure  2A-B).These effects where fully confirmed by using the stromal cells (Figure  3). Despite slightly more resistant, in these cells the apoptosis C646 solubility dmso induced by the hormone was time and

dose dependent, whereas the cell cycle effects were only time dependent.Similarly, the Purified recombinant protein of Homo sapiens AMH treatment (10-100-1000 ng for 24-48-72 hours) on endometriosis stromal cells line resulted in coherent results (Figure  4A-B). A small decrease in percentage of cells in S and G2/M phases was observed (Figure  4A) Adenosine triphosphate with a concomitant increase of cells in pre-G1 phase (Figure  4 B).Various semi-quantitative RT-PCR have been used to quantify the expression levels of AMH and AMH RII isoforms in both endometriosis epithelial and stromal cells (Figure  5A). The two isoforms analyzed were designed with the Primer3 software. Both endometriosis epithelial and stromal cells

expressed mRNA for AMH and AMH RII (Figure  5A). Finally, the expression levels of CYP19 were confirmed through real-time PCR analysis (Figure  5B). Selleck Caspase inhibitor Figure 2 Effects of recombinant human Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS)/anti-Mullerian hormone (E.Coli derived) on endometriosis epithelial cell line. (A) pre-G1 fraction analysis of endometriosis epithelial cells treated for 24-48-72 hrs with the indicated final concentrations of MIS. The data are shown in a time-dependent manner. (B) pre-G1 fraction analysis of endometriosis epithelial cell line treated for 24-48-72 hrs with the indicated final concentrations of MIS. The data are shown in a dose-dependent manner. (C) Cell cycle analysis of endometriosis epithelial cells treated 24-48-72 hrs with the indicated final concentrations of MIS. The data are shown in a time-dependent manner.