Figure 1 VX-680 molecular weight FE-SEM images of the AAO template and ZTO nanowires. (a) Top view. (b) Cross-sectional view of ZTO nanowires with a pore diameter of TGF-beta signaling about 60 nm oxidized at 700 °C for 10 h in the AAO membrane. (c) Cross-sectional view at high magnification. (d) The AAO membrane was absolutely dissolved by NaOH solution. The typical FE-SEM image (Figure 1a) shows that the surface of the AAO membrane was still kept clean and had no deposition after the ZTO nanowires were oxidized at 700 °C for 10 h The image also shows that the pores on the AAO membrane have a uniform size and are arranged in a hexagonal honeycomb

structure. Figure 1b shows a cross-sectional FE-SEM image of the ZTO nanowires embedded in the porous AAO membrane. It is obvious that the ZTO nanowires in the AAO membrane are well

aligned, and the length is about 4 μm. Figure 1c reveals a cross-sectional FE-SEM image of the ZTO nanowires at high magnification. It is clear that these nanowires are parallel to each other, and they have a very high aspect ratio. After thoroughly dissolving the AAO membrane by NaOH etching, followed by rinsing with distilled water, the ZTO nanowires are still on the substrate find more surface. Figure 1d shows the FE-SEM image of the as-prepared ZTO nanowires with a diameter of about 60 nm without the AAO membrane. As observed from this figure, large-scale ZTO nanowires were obtained. However, the EDS spectrum of the ZTO nanowires is not shown. EDS quantitative analysis revealed that these nanowires are composed of zinc, tin, and

oxygen, which is in effective conformity with the XRD results. In this study, the atomic ratio of the Zn/(Zn + Sn) composition is close to 0.67 of ZTO nanowires, indicating that the ZTO nanowires were well crystallized and in good conformity with the Zn/(Zn + Sn) molar ratio of a starting solution of 2:3. The co-electrodeposition technique (Zn and Sn) offers simple and flexible control of the ZTO nanowire composition. This method is excellent for good-quality ZTO nanowire synthesis. Most importantly, co-depositing the Zn and Sn alloy nanowires to create the ZTO nanowires on the AAO template has the advantage that the content of Zn/Sn is comparatively easy to control. ADP ribosylation factor Crystal structures of ZTO nanowires The structure analysis of the as-synthesized product was carried out by XRD. Figure 2 shows the XRD patterns of ZTO nanowires with 60-nm diameter without an AAO membrane. Figure 2 X-ray diffraction patterns as-prepared of ZTO nanowires without an AAO membrane. After heat treatment at 700°C for 10 h, all of the Zn and Sn peaks disappeared, indicating that the Zn and Sn deposited in the channels of AAO had been completely oxidized. In addition, the peak positions and their relative intensities are consistent with the existing literature data for pure ZnO (JCPDS card file, no. 80-0075). In our experiment, the heat treatment method was used to prepare the ZTO nanowires.