We show that surface delivery of GLR-1 and SOL-1 occurs in the absence of SOL-2; however, the stability or function of the complex appears compromised in sol-2 mutants. In sol-1 mutants, the

remaining components of the GLR-1 complex are also delivered to the postsynaptic membrane, indicating find more that SOL-1 does not have an essential role in assembly or trafficking of the signaling complex. We demonstrate that GLR-1-mediated currents depend on both SOL-1 and SOL-2 and that currents in sol-1 and sol-2 mutants can be rescued in adults, thus demonstrating an ongoing role for these CUB-domain proteins in synaptic transmission. Remarkably, we found that the extracellular domain of SOL-1 secreted in trans is sufficient to rescue glutamate-gated currents in sol-1 mutants. This rescue depends on in cis expression of SOL-2. Finally, we show that glutamate- and kainate-gated Duvelisib supplier currents are differentially disrupted in sol-1 and sol-2 mutants and that SOL-2 contributes to the kinetics of receptor desensitization. In summary, our results demonstrate that SOL-2 is an essential component of GLR-1 AMPAR complexes at synapses and contributes

to synaptic transmission and behaviors dependent on glutamatergic signaling. AVA interneurons in C. elegans are part of a locomotory control circuit that primarily regulates the direction of a worm’s movement. These interneurons receive glutamatergic synaptic inputs and express GLR-1, STG-2, and SOL-1—essential transmembrane proteins that contribute to a postsynaptic iGluR signaling complex ( Brockie et al., 2001a; Maricq et al., 1995; Wang et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2004). Using in vivo patch-clamp electrophysiology, we recorded rapidly activating and desensitizing currents in wild-type

Flucloronide worms in response to pressure application of glutamate ( Figure 1A). In sol-1 mutants, glutamate-gated currents rapidly desensitize and consequently we cannot measure the currents using conventional drug application ( Figure 1A; Walker et al., 2006b). A secreted form of SOL-1 that lacks the transmembrane domain (s-SOL-1) can partially rescue the glutamate-gated current when expressed in the AVA neurons of transgenic sol-1 mutants ( Figure 1A; Zheng et al., 2006). This result suggested that s-SOL-1 formed a functional complex with GLR-1 and STG-2. To test sufficiency of s-SOL-1, we asked whether we could record glutamate-gated currents from muscle cells that coexpressed GLR-1, STG-1, and s-SOL-1. Muscle cells in C. elegans do not express any known iGluRs, STGs, or SOL-1 proteins and thus are ideal for reconstitution studies. We reliably recorded large, rapidly activating inward currents in response to pressure application of glutamate when full-length SOL-1, STG-1, and GLR-1 were coexpressed in muscle cells ( Figure 1B). In contrast, we were unable to record appreciable currents in cells that expressed s-SOL-1 instead of full-length SOL-1 ( Figure 1B).