, 2004, Kohyama et al., 2010 and Lim et al., 2000). We then found that exogenous BMP2 inhibited proliferation, repressed neuronal differentiation, and promoted astrocyte fate to similar extents in both WT and KO SVZ-NPCs ( Figures S7I–S7K). Therefore, BMP2 had similar effects on both DG-NPCs ( Figures 6B–6G) and SVZ-NPCs. We therefore predicted that FXR2 Fulvestrant manufacturer must not regulate Noggin expression in SVZ-NPCs as it does in DG-NPCs. To assess this possibility,

we first confirmed that FXR2 indeed does not bind Noggin mRNA in SVZ-NPCs ( Figure S7L). Because FXR2 and Noggin are expressed in both the DG and SVZ, we reasoned that a lack of FXR2 regulation of Noggin in the SVZ might be due to cell type-restricted expression of these two proteins. To precisely identify the cells expressing Noggin, selleck chemicals llc we used both Noggin antibody staining and a transgenic “knock-in” mouse strain expressing β-gal under the Noggin promoter (NogginlacZ) ( McMahon et al., 1998). Expression of β-gal in this strain is an accurate and

precise reporter of Noggin expression ( Stottmann et al., 2001). Indeed, we found that FXR2 and Noggin are not colocalized in the same cells in the SVZ ( Figure 8A; Figures S8A–S8C). Noggin expression is restricted to s100β+ ependymal cells that also express Nestin ( Figures 8B and 8C, Figure S8B), consistent with a previous report ( Lim et al., 2000). By contrast, FXR2 is expressed only in s100β-negative CGK 733 NPCs (Figures 1, 8A, and 8C; Figure S8C),

and not in s100β+Nestin+ ependymal cells ( Figures 8A and 8B; Figure S8A). In the DG, however, we found that Noggin is expressed in Nestin+GFAP+ radial glia-like NPCs (Figure 8E; Figures S8E and S8G), consistent with an earlier study (Bonaguidi et al., 2008). Importantly, these cells also express FXR2 (Figure 1), and FXR2 expression colocalizes with Noggin in both NPCs and neurons of the DG (Figure 8D; Figures S8D and S8F). These spatiotemporal expression data further support the regulatory role of FXR2 in DG-NPCs, but not in SVZ-NPCs. Taken together, our data argue for a model in which FXR2 specifically regulates DG-NPCs by directly repressing Noggin expression in DG-NPCs. Because Noggin expression in the SVZ is not regulated by FXR2, FXR2 deficiency therefore has minimal impact on SVZ-NPCs (Figures 8F and 8G). The molecular mechanism behind the differential regulation of SVZ and DG neurogenesis has gone largely unexplored. By unveiling a regulatory mechanism involving FXR2 that governs adult hippocampal neurogenesis, our data show that a brain-enriched RNA-binding protein could play important roles in the differential regulation of NPCs residing in different brain regions.