p values are from t test for continuous and chi-square test for categorical variables ESRD end-stage renal disease, PCP primary care physician There was no statistically significant difference between the races in the vertebral fracture prevalence (Table 1 and Fig. 1) or vertebral fracture burden measured by the spinal deformity index (SDI of 3.2 ± 2.3 in AA vs. 3.4 ± 2.0 in CA women with vertebral fractures, Selonsertib concentration p = 0.66). When the data were stratified according to decade of age (60–69, 70–79, and 80 years and older), the fracture prevalence was significantly higher in CA than in AA aged 60–70 years but not in the older age

strata (Fig. 1). The prevalence of vertebral fractures increased with age in AA but not in CA women in whom the prevalence of vertebral fractures was relatively higher in 60–70 years old compared to the older women (Fig. 1). The proportion of women who had the diagnosis of cancer decreased with age in CA women, although

this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3). The lack of age-related increase in the prevalence of vertebral fractures was observed in CA women with as well as those without cancer. Fig. 1 Prevalence of vertebral fractures according to age in Caucasian and African American women. The absolute numbers of patients with fractures are shown above each bar graph together with the number of patients in respective age/race strata LCZ696 cell line The conditions from Table 1 that may influence vertebral

fracture risk were GDC-0941 cell line examined separately in patients with vertebral fractures. Although there were differences in the frequency of these conditions in the whole population, these differences did not reach statistical significance when the analysis was restricted to women with vertebral fractures (data not shown). We used logistic regression to determine whether the lack of a significant racial difference in the prevalence of vertebral fractures could be explained by a differential burden of conditions associated with osteoporosis. In these logistic regression models, the presence of vertebral fracture(s) Branched chain aminotransferase was an outcome variable, race and age were fixed predictors, and each of the clinical characteristics from Table 1 was added individually to the model as a covariate. There was no significant effect of any of the clinical conditions and no significant interaction of these clinical variables with race. Furthermore, the point estimates for race (coefficients) in the regression models were not significantly affected by adding any of the clinical conditions. While cancer was more prevalent in CA women, the racial differences in vertebral fractures were similar in women with and without cancer (Fig. 2a). Although among all subjects, smoking was more common in the AA group, the rates of smoking did not differ between AA and CA women with vertebral fractures.