001), seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.003), and Gleason score (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for BCR-free survival of PCa patients. The detailed results are present in Table  3. Table 3 Prognostic value of NUCB2 protein expression for the BCR-free survival in Small molecule library univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox regression Covariant Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Exp (B) 95% CI P value Exp (B) 95% CI P value NUCB2 protein expression (high/low) 2.306 1.501-3.544 <0.001 2.535 1.643-3.911 <0.001 Gleason score (> 7/7/< 7)

1.703 1.280-2.265 <0.001 1.846 1.384-2.460 <0.001 PSA (>10/4-10/< 4) 1.241 0.705-2.188 0.454       Age (≥65/< 65) 1.068 0.804-1.419 0.650       Angiolymphatic invasion (presence/absence) 1.084 0.814-1.443 0.580       Surgical margin status (presence/absence) 1.017 0.709-1.459 0.925       PCa Stage (T2, T3/T1) 1.090 0.921-1.291 0.316       Lymph node metastasis (presence/absence) 1.140 0.850-1.528 0.381       Seminal vesicle invasion (presence/absence) 1.505 1.132-2.003 0.005 1.538 1.154-2.048 0.003 Correlation of NUCB2

protein expression with overall survival To examine the impact of NUCB2 protein overexpression on the overall survival, we first performed univariate analysis of traditional clinicopathologic variables for prognosis. Significant variables in the overall survival analysis included NUCB2 expression (P < 0.001), PCa stage (P < 0.001), Gleason score (P < 0.001), Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin and preoperative PSA (P = 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis enrolling

above-mentioned significant parameters showed that NUCB2 protein expression (P < 0.001), PCa stage (P < 0.001), Gleason score Small Molecule Compound Library (P < 0.001), and preoperative PSA (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with PCa. The detailed results are shown in Table  4. Table 4 Prognostic value of NUCB2 protein expression for the overall survival in univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox regression Covariant Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis Exp (B) 95% CI P value Exp (B) 95% CI P value NUCB2 protein expression (high/low) 2.978 1.516-6.181 <0.001 3.152 1.317-6.214 <0.001 Gleason score (> 7/7/< 7) 2.526 1.788-3.568 <0.001 2.014 1.217-2.869 <0.001 PSA (>10/4-10/< 4) 2.034 1.338-23.092 0.001 1.989 1.292-3.053 <0.001 Age (≥65/< 65) 1.282 0.917-1.792 0.146       Angiolymphatic invasion (presence/absence) 1.373 0.813-2.319 0.235       Surgical margin status (presence/absence) 1.101 0.703-1.724 0.674       PCa Stage (T2, T3/T1) 4.131 2.888-5.911 <0.001 3.671 2.656-5.715 <0.001 Lymph node metastasis (presence/absence) 1.044 0.746-1.462 0.800       Seminal vesicle invasion (presence/absence) 1.358 0.956-1.928 0.087       Discussion PCa is not a single disease, but an umbrella under which a plethora of heterogeneous diseases is hidden. These range from indolent localized tumors, to aggressive metastatic diseases [20–22].