[27, 29] From a multicenter study of ALD in China, the incidence of ALD among hospitalized patients with liver diseases each year from 2000 to 2004 were 2.7%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.6%, and 4.4%, respectively. Among 902 patients with ALD, 11.2% exhibited mild ALD, 22.6% exhibited a fatty liver, 28.8% suffered from hepatitis, and 37.4% were classified as

having cirrhosis. The severity of liver Alectinib damage correlates with the amount and duration of alcohol use.[31] There has been a gradual increase in the number of patients with end-stage ALD undergoing liver transplantation in mainland China in the past 10 years.[32] Therefore, alcohol-induced liver injury has become an important issue in China, which cannot be neglected. The prevalence of NAFLD among adults in the general population in China is approximately 15% (6.3–27.0%), depending on the population studied, and has paralleled the increase in both obesity and T2D observed in these regions (Table 2).[20-24] selleck NAFLD is found in over a quarter of the general adult Chinese population in Hong Kong, but the proportion of patients with advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients is low (3.7%).[24] Based on liver ultrasound, the prevalence of NAFLD is 2.1% among the 1180 surveyed schoolchildren age 6–14 years. The prevalence of NAFLD was higher in overweight and obese students

than in students with a normal body mass index (BMI). Male students were more likely to have NAFLD than female students.[33] In addition, compared with the nonobese controls, mixed obesity had the strongest association with NAFLD and dyslipidemia, followed by abdominal obesity and peripheral obesity in Chinese school-aged children.[34]

Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase The prevalence of NAFLD among 861 obese children (6–16 years old) was 68.2%, and the prevalence increased to 84.6% (187/222) in obese patients with MetS.[35] In contrast with the vast epidemiological data on the prevalence of NAFLD, there is minimal data available on the incidence of this disease in China. Fan et al. studied the incidence of ultrasound-defined NAFLD in 5402 nonalcoholic healthy subjects (4633 men, mean age 37 years) after a 2-year follow-up and observed 327 subjects (6.1%) with new cases of NAFLD.[36] The incidence of NAFLD increased significantly with the changes in BMI at baseline: 1.4% in subjects with normal weight, 6.4% in overweight patients, 16.8% in obese patients, and 24.5% in patients with severe obesity. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between the incidence of NAFLD and age, BMI and serum triglycerides at baseline, and the subtle gain in BMI and triglycerides during follow-up. The other study by Zhou et al. revealed that the annual incidence of NAFLD is 9.1%, and the MetS components represent risk factors for the development and progression of NAFLD.