Conversely, urolithiasis was related to lack of IVC reflux in fem

Conversely, urolithiasis was related to lack of IVC reflux in females. Conclusions: IVC reflux may be positively or negatively related to the occurrence of some urological diseases. Pelvic congestion secondary to IVC reflux may be one of the factors contributing to chronic prostatitis and stress incontinence. “
“After suffering

a brainstem stroke, a 62-year-old man developed locked-in syndrome including loss of horizontal eye movement and increased anal tone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patient revealed a massive stroke in the pons and right cerebellum, which seemed to involve the pontine micturition/defecation center (Barrington’s nucleus) and the rostral pontine reticular formation (RPRF). As his increased anal ERK inhibitor tone was intractable selleck compound to medical treatment, he required intermittent catheterization with an anal bougie tube. In light of the reported cases, our patient developed increased anal tone presumably due to pontine defecation center and RPRF lesion. “
“Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of onabotulinumtoxinA injection for refractory non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) for 12 months. Methods: For patients with persistent urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) more than once a week despite taking anti-cholinergic agents

or incapability to continue the agents because of adverse effects, 100 units of onabotulinumtoxinA was injected at 30 sites in the sub-epithelial bladder wall. Efficacy was assessed every month up to 12 months after injection, using a three-day frequency-volume chart (FVC) and postvoid residual urine (PVR), three Thalidomide questionnaires, and a simple score of Global Response Assessment (GRA). Failure was defined as when GRA was negative and additional treatment was administered. Results: Nine men and eight women aged 67 ± 12 years were included. On FVC, frequencies of urgency, UUI and daytime urination significantly decreased up to the 11th month. PVR significantly increased at the first and second months but no patient required catheterization. The total scores of Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and International Consultation on

Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form were significantly decreased for 10 and eight months, respectively. The score of GRA was significantly improved for eight months. The median time to failure was 11.0 months. Conclusion: This study suggests that onabotulinumtoxinA submucosal injection is promising for refractory non-neurogenic OAB. It is anticipated that the treatment is effective for eight to nine months and approximately 40% of the patients do not require anticholinergics at the 12th month postoperatively. “
“Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of the urethral function on bladder shape and function in myelodysplastic children. Methods: Of 39 myelodysplastic children, 30 were treated with intermittent catheterization.

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