Results showed that the properties

of nanophosphors capped with biotin are remaining the same even after 3 months. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis of 3 month aged sample shows long time compatibility between ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles and the biotin. This is also confirmed by electron microscopy that the growth of the nanoparticles learn more is strongly arrested by the biotin. X-ray photoelectron spectra were also recorded to show the chemical state of the elements. Enhanced ratio of Zn 2p to Mn 2p peaks in the x-ray photoelectron spectra of ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles shows that the Mn2+ ions are incorporated within ZnS host matrix. We found that biotin capping will enhance the luminescence from ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles as compared to without capped particles. Absence of biotin will gradually degrade the luminescence upon aging while drastic degradation in luminescence intensity was observed after annealing. Properties show that biotin also protected the nanoparticles from any environmental attack.”
“Human AZ 628 manufacturer Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are associated with dysfunction of many endocrine organs and their axis. HIV infectivity leads to altered metabolism, poor oral intake

and increased prevalence of weight loss and wasting which may have a role in thyroid dysfunction. Overt thyroid dysfunction occurs at similar rates as the general population while subclinical disease such as nonthyroidal illness (sick euthyroid syndrome), subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated low T4 levels are more frequent. Moreover, HAART therapy threonin kina inhibitor can complicate thyroid function further through drug interactions and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). In this review we report the common thyroid dysfunctions associated with HIV before and after HAART therapy. We discuss presentation, diagnostic work up, treatment and follow up in each condition.”
“A study of the evolution of wave function penetration effects on ballistic drain current (I-D) in nanoscale double gate (DG) metal-oxide-semiconductor

field-effect-transistors (MOSFET) with the downscaling of device dimensions is presented. The electrostatics of the devices is calculated through the self-consistent solution of two dimensional Schrodinger and Poisson equations. HfO2/SiO2 stack is considered as the gate-dielectric material. It is observed that wave function penetration increases drain current in DG MOSFETs fabricated on (110) silicon, and the off-state current is more sensitive to the penetration effects than the on-state current. Numerical results show that the magnitude of the relative increase in I-D due to wave function penetration increases sharply with the downscaling of silicon body thickness. On the other hand, the impact of the downscaling of gate length on the penetration effects depends on the gate bias.

AFM images reveal that the film surface features are highly depending on the deposition parameters. UV-VIS and FTIR spectra show both the optical PF-573228 nmr properties and the molecular structure typical of melanins are preserved. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3602084]“
“Neuregulin-1 (NRG1), known also as heregulin, acetylcholine receptor inducing activity (ARIA), glial growth factor (GGF), or sensory and motor neuron derived factor (SMDF), plays essential roles in several developmental processes, and is required also later in life. Many variants of NRG1 are produced via alternative

splicing and usage of distinct promoters. All contain an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, which alone is sufficient to bind and activate the cognate receptors, members of the ErbB family. NRG1 mediated signaling is crucial for cardiogenesis and the development of the mammary gland and ErbB2 (HER2), an orphan co-receptor for NRG1 is the target of the drug Herceptin (R) (trastuzumab) used BAY 57-1293 ic50 for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In the nervous system, NRG1 controls the early development of subpopulations of neural crest

cells. In particular, NRG1 acts as an essential paracrine signaling molecule expressed on the axonal surface, where it signals to Schwann cells throughout development and regulates the thickness of the myelin sheath. NRG1 is required also by other cell types in the nervous system, for instance as an axonal signal released by proprioceptive afferents to induce development of the muscle spindle, and it controls

aspects of cortical interneuron development Vadimezan inhibitor as well as the formation of thalamocortical projections. Work from several laboratories implicates dysregulation of NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in the etiology of schizophrenia. Biochemical studies have shown that the precursor proteins of NRG1 can be released from the membrane through limited proteolysis. In addition, most NRG1 isoforms contain a transmembrane domain, which is processed by gamma-secretase after shedding. Thereby the intracellular domain is released into the cytoplasm. Despite this, the importance of NRG1 cleavage for its functions in vivo remained unclear until recently. beta-Secretase (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, BACE1) was first identified through its function as the rate limiting enzyme of amyloid-beta-peptide (A beta) production. A beta is the major component of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). More recently it was shown that Neuregulin-1 is a major physiological substrate of BACE1 during early postnatal development. Mutant mice lacking BACE1 display severe hypomyelination of peripheral nerves similar to that seen in mice lacking NRG1/ErbB signaling in Schwann cells, and a BACE1-dependent activation of NRG1 in the process of peripheral myelination was proposed.

We analysed whether MSI (MicroSatellite Instability) and/or CIN (Chromosome INstability = LOH (loss of heterozygosity) and/or DNA-aneuploidy

(abnormal nuclear DNA contents)) could be used as predictors of familial CRC.

Formalin-fixed tissue from 97 patients with CRC (29 patients with 2 or more affected first-degree relatives (= “”cases”"), 29 matched CRC controls without a family history, and 39 relatives to cases) were analysed for MSI and CIN.

In this small case-control study, no significant differences in the frequencies of MSI and CIN were observed between cases with a family history and their controls without a family history. MSI+;CIN- was observed in 6/29 cases and in 0/29 controls (p = 0.02), most frequently in cases with affected SCH772984 price siblings, only (3/7). However, for 13 patients from whom several CRC tumours were analysed, concordant results for MSI/LOH/DNA-ploidy were obtained only in 10/9/9. Among cases and relative(s), concordant

results for MSI, LOH and DNA-ploidy were obtained in 16/26, 16/26, and 14/25 families, respectively.

Although MSI+;CIN-appeared to predict familial CRC with a high specificity, neither MSI, CIN, or MSI+;CIN- are likely to be sufficiently sensitive predictors of familial CRC.”
“Background: One of the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) family AZD1208 of proteins, human MOF (hMOF, MYST1), is involved in histone H4 acetylation, particularly at lysine 16 (H4K16Ac), an epigenetic mark of active

genes. Dysregulation of the epigenetic mark influences cellular biology and possibly leads to oncogenesis. We examined the involvement of hMOF and H4K16Ac in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using fresh-frozen lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cell lines and immunohistochemistry for hMOF and H4K16Ac via tissue microarray of 551 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissue blocks were conducted. Results: hMOF mRNA was frequently overexpressed in lung cancer tissues, compared with normal lung tissues (10/20, 50%). NSCLC tissues were positive for hMOF in 37.6% (184/489) and H4K16Ac in 24.7% (122/493) of cases. hMOF protein expression was tightly correlated with the H4K16Ac level in tumors (p<0.001). Prexasertib Knockdown of hMOF mRNA with siRNA led to a significant inhibition of growth in the Calu-6 cell line. Conclusions: hMOF was frequently expressed in NSCLC and was correlated with H4K16Ac. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has focused on the expression status of HATs and hMOF in NSCLC. Our results clearly suggest a potential oncogenic role of the gene and support its utility as a potential therapeutic target.”
“Objective: The goal of this study was to define the long-term outcome of absence epilepsy presenting before the age of 3 years.

We genotyped 151

chickens from five populations: Red Junglefowl, AZD1480 clinical trial TIC and commercial lines (BR, broiler and WL, White Leghorn). Genetic structure analyses using six loci of five functional genes – corresponding to heat tolerance (heat shock protein 70, HSP70/C, HSP70/M), broodiness (vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-1, VIPR-1), egg production-[24-bp indel (insertion or deletion) prolactin, 24bpPRL], ovulation rate (growth hormone receptor, GHR), and growth (insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1) – were compared with 18 microsatellite markers. PCR-RFLP and allele specific PCR were used for functional gene typing. A neighbor-joining tree from Nei’s genetic distance was constructed to show genetic relationships. A similar pattern was found with both functional genes and microsatellites. Three groups consisting of BR, WL and TIC-GS-GG were formed. A principal component plot based on individual similarity using Dice’s coefficient was also constructed to confirm the relationship. Different patterns were found when using functional genes versus microsatellites.

A principal component plot with functional genes also gave three clusters consisting of BR, WL and TIC-GS-GG. A principal component plot using microsatellites gave four clusters, consisting of WL, GG, TIC, and BR-GS. Characterization of BR and GS differs from previous studies. We concluded that genetic characterization with appropriate functional

genes is find more more accurate when differences in genetic make-up among populations are known. Genetic characterization Captisol inhibitor using functional gene data was consistent in neighbor joining and principal component plot analyses, while genetic characterization using microsatellite data gave varied results depending on the analysis methodology.”
“Purpose: To prospectively determine the diagnostic performance of breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in predicting the malignancy of breast lesions classified as borderline at core needle biopsy (CNB).

Materials and Methods: This prospective study was approved by the local ethics committee, and all patients provided written informed consent. Between February 2007 and October 2009, 193 patients underwent ultrasonography (US)-guided CNB. Thirty-two lesions in 32 patients were classified as “”borderline”" (“”lesions of uncertain malignant potential”" according to the United Kingdom National Health Service Breast Screening program or those that are “”probably benign”" according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BI-RADS] lexicon) at pathologic examination and were evaluated. All 32 patients underwent contrast agent-enhanced breast MR imaging 1-3 weeks after CNB; surgical biopsy was performed within 60 days of MR imaging.

Results were compared with histologic findings.

(C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background and aims: Dietary fibre (DF) may play an important role in weight control. The amount, type and way of processing of DF modify food structure and subsequent postprandial appetitive, metabolic and hormonal effects, but current

understanding about the magnitude of effects that specific types and amounts of DF exert are still poorly understood.

Methods and results: We investigated the effects of wheat and oat brans alone and as combination in semisolid food matrix on postprandial appetite profile and gastrointestinal (GI) hormonal responses. Twenty Epigenetics inhibitor healthy, normal-weight subjects (5 male/15 female, aged 23.3 +/- 0.85y) participated in the study. Isoenergetic and isovolumic (1250 kJ, 300 g) puddings with different insoluble and soluble DF content were tested in a randomised order: pudding with 1) no added fibre, 2) 10 g wheat bran DF, 3) 10 g oat bran DF and 4) combination including 5 g wheat bran DF + 5 g oat bran DF. Blood samples were drawn before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the test meals selleck to determine plasma glucose, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and serum insulin concentrations. Subjective profiles of appetite were assessed using visual analogue

scales (VAS). Plasma glucose (P = 0.001) and serum insulin (P < 0.001) responses were the lowest after the pudding with the greatest amount of beta-glucan. In contrast, postprandial ghrelin or PYY responses or appetite sensations did not differ among the meals.

Conclusion: Oat beta-glucan decreased postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin responses, yet had no significant effects on GI peptide responses or appetite ratings. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Applications of porous silicon are ranging from drug delivery vehicles to micro fuel

cells. The size of the pores and their distribution plays critical role in the final properties of the devices manufactured on their base. We performed nondestructive quantitative experimental studies of selected porous silicon samples with gradient porosity. We were able to determine www.selleckchem.com/products/acy-738.html the average size of the pores and its dynamics as a function of the etching time. We also were able to determine the statistical parameters of the pore formation. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3561866]“
“Background: The main goal of this study was to obtain baseline data on awareness and attitudes and practices with respect to epilepsy among secondary school students.

Methods: We interviewed a total of 659 students from three randomly selected secondary schools in the Kumbo West Health District, using a 12-item questionnaire in English.

Results: About 94.7% had heard about epilepsy, 25.8% had read on the subject, 55.2% knew someone with epilepsy and 77.7% had witnessed a seizure. While 37.

“
“Flame retardancy for thermoplastics is a challenging task where chemists and engineers work together to find solutions to improve the burning behavior

without strongly influencing other key properties IAP inhibitor of the material. In this work, the halogen-free additives aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi-Et) and a mixture of aluminum phosphinate (AlPi) and resorcinol-bis(di-2,6-xylyl phosphate) (AlPi-H + RXP) are employed in neat and reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and the morphology, mechanical performance, rheological behavior, and flammability of these materials are compared. Both additives show submicron dimensions but differ in terms of particle and agglomerate sizes und shapes. The overall mechanical performance of the PBT flame-retarded with AlPi-Et is lower than that with AlPi-H-RXP, due to the presence of larger agglomerates. Moreover,

the flow behavior of the AlPi-Et/PBT materials is dramatically changed as the larger rod-like primary particles build a percolation threshold. In terms of flammability, both additives perform similar in the UL 94 test and under forced-flaming combustion. Nevertheless, AlPi-Et performs better than AlPi-H + RXP phosphatase inhibitor in the LOI test. The concentration required to achieve acceptable flame retardancy ranges above 15 wt %. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“To correlate lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measured by abdominal sonography at term pregnancy with that measured manually using caliper at cesarean delivery and to find out minimum LUS thickness indicative of its integrity in women with previous cesarean.

In 106 women with previous cesarean delivery and 68 with unscarred uterus, abdominal sonographic assessment of LUS was carried out within a week of delivery. Sonographic measurements were correlated with manual measurement of lower flap of LUS using Vernier calipers in 96 of these women (64 with previous

cesarean and 32 of unscarred uterus) who had elective cesarean delivery.

Sonographically Tideglusib determined LUS was thinner among women with previous cesarean delivery than in those without (4.58 SD 1.05 vs. 4.8 SD 0.8; t = 1.986; p = 0.04). Women with vaginal birth after cesarean had thicker LUS than women with repeat cesarean delivery (4.4 SD 0.97 vs. 4.48 SD 1.0). The findings were not influenced by engaged fetal head status or amount of bladder fullness. Directly measured LUS thickness using Vernier calipers before delivery of the baby confirmed ultrasound measurements, but showed smaller differences between them. There were eight cases with defective uterine scar at cesarean. LUS thickness at term of 3 mm provided 87.5% sensitivity and specificity, and was found to have negative predictive value of 98%.

4% in the treatment group, 50% in the control group (P < 0.05); and at 16 weeks the fusion rate was 50% and 87.5% in the control group and the treatment group, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion. The use of orthotopic paraspinal muscle-pediculated bone flaps increased the rate and quality of fusion in the experimental spinal fusion model. This suggested

that the novel posterior spinal fusion could be further developed for clinical application.”
“As a screening tool to identify symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, the Pediatric Autonomic Symptoms Scale was administered to parents of children with familial dysautonomia, autism spectrum disorders, and age-matched controls. The total scores for the presence of symptoms were compared among the 3 groups for each section and overall. The Pediatric Autonomic Symptoms Scale distinguished controls from children

with familial dysautonomia and autism spectrum disorders with scores from each section and overall scores. Target Selective Inhibitor Library Familial dysautonomia children scored significantly higher in visceral symptoms, while children with autism spectrum disorders scored significantly higher in psychosocial symptoms. In familial dysautonomia, the concordance for the presence of symptoms within sections and overall scores ranged from 71% to 100%. The concordance for absence of autonomic dysfunction symptoms in controls ranged from www.selleckchem.com/products/eft-508.html 75% to 87.5%. The Pediatric Autonomic Symptoms Scale is comprehensive and can profile autonomic dysfunction in the 2 neurodevelopmental disorders. Its usefulness in other pediatric disorders remains to be studied.”
“Transplant patients are susceptible to infectious complications due to chronic immunosuppression. We present two cases of persistent fever, weight loss and pancytopenia in kidney transplant recipients (originally concerning for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease) that were later diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis on bone marrow and lymph node biopsy. In both

patients, pancytopenia was due to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which has rarely been described in association with histoplasmosis and not previously reported in kidney transplant recipients ARN-509 with this fungal infection. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis can be complex due to nonspecific symptomatology, delays in isolating histoplasma by fungal culture and false-negative antibody titers in immunocompromised patients. A review of the literature including the clinical features of histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients (prevalence, current diagnostic testing and treatment options) as well as the association of HLH in immunocompromised states are discussed.”
“Study Design. Retrospective case series of surgically treated adult scoliosis patients.

Objective. To assess the incidence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in a large series of adult idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing long instrumented spinal fusion (>5 vertebrae).

All rights reserved.”
“Thin films of (Bi0.15Sb0.85)(2)Te-3 were prepared by dc magnetron sputter deposition on different

substrates. It is well known that thermal treatment of as-deposited p-type (Bi0.15Sb0.85)(2)Te-3 films leads to an enhancement of the power factor. Whereas up to now only the initial (as deposited ) and the final (after annealing) film stages have been investigated, here, the dynamic changes of sputter-deposited film properties have been observed by in situ measurements. The enhancement of the power factor shows a significant dependence on thermal treatment. The best thermoelectric films have been prepared at a substrate temperature of 170 degrees C, with a power factor of 24.4 mu W/(cm K-2 ). The changes in the Seebeck and Hall coefficients are caused by the enhancement in the Hall mobility after annealing. In situ x-ray diffractometry shows the generation of additional Te in dependence of the temperature. This is also selleck chemicals confirmed by energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis and the corresponding mapping in a scanning electron microscope. It is supposed that the locally well-defined Te enrichment is the reason for the improvement in the integral film transport properties. (C) 2009

American Institute of Physics. (doi: 10.1063/1.3225610)”
“The influence of adding ortho-phenylenediamine (OPDA) during the polymerization of aniline on the characteristics of the resulting polymer film was examined. When using a platinum Cyclosporin A manufacturer electrode,

the deposits were obtained from solutions containing 0.1 mol dm(-3) aniline and 1, 5, or 10 mmol dm(-3) OPDA. The deposits were also prepared from solutions containing 0.5 mol dm(-3) aniline and 5, 10, or 50 mmol dm(-3) OPDA. Selleck AL3818 In both cases, 3 mol dm(-3) phosphoric acid solution was used as a supporting electrolyte. The characteristics of the obtained layers were investigated through the catalytic effect of different polymer layers on hydroquinone/quinone (H(2)Q/Q) test redox system. The results obtained confirm the earlier established catalytic effect on the potential of the redox reaction by shifting it to more reversible values. However, as the concentration of OPDA was increased, the resulting limiting current decreased, thus indicating in the presence of OPDA a lower population of the available active centers necessary for the catalytic reaction to proceed. The influence of OPDA on polymer characteristics was also studied by using scanning electron microscopy as well as electronchemical impedance spectroscopy. The polymer was synthesized on a stainless steel electrode (13% Cr) from a solution containing 0.5 mol dm(-3) aniline and 5, 10, or 50 mmol dm(-3) OPDA. The layers were tested in chloride-containing solutions by monitoring the open circuit potential. The results obtained suggest that, by increasing the concentration of OPDA, the time of OCP in the passive region of stainless steel is prolonged. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Of the 16 patients, the 15 who completed the follow-up evaluation had successful device closure (1 device embolization). Residual flow was present in six patients immediately after deployment, which was reduced to three patients at the last follow-up visit. Five of nine patients closed with a 6-mm-long device had residual flow compared with only one of seven patients closed with a 4-mm-long device. After device closure, significant elevations of the left and right pulmonary artery velocities occurred in three and two patients, respectively; in 12 patients, descending thoracic

aortic (DTA) velocities increased mildly. There was trend toward a fall in the elevated pressures at the last follow-up visit, although one patient had an elevation in right pulmonary artery velocity at last the follow-up echocardiogram compared with the echocardiogram immediately selleck compound after closure. Hence, in children younger than 3 years with or without pulmonary arterial hypertension, closure of a PDA not amenable to closure with the ADO I device is feasible using the ADO II device, with an increased incidence of clinically nonsignificant complications. Selection of device dimensions according to the manufacturer’s recommendation may not be the click here optimal strategy.”
“Identification of biomolecule interactions is crucial in understanding

biological and biochemical processes. This review presents a brief outline of the advances in microfluidic chips devoted to biomolecule interactions. Various separation modes used for biomolecule interactions are discussed first, in which microchip isoelectric focusing, microchip zone electrophoresis, microchip electrophoresis frontal analysis, and T-sensor microfluidic channel are AZD6094 mw included. Detection methods on these microsystems are essential for the identification and quantification of chemical species and biomolecule that are being analyzed. Within the detection methods section, time-resolved resonance raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, surface plasmon resonance imaging, deep UV laser-induced fluorescence, indirect laser-induced fluorescence, contactless conductivity detection techniques

are discussed. Applications including biomolecule interaction kinetics, protein-protein interaction, protein-DNA interaction, drug-protein interaction, and drug-DNA interaction are outlined. To our knowledge, biomolecule interactions studying microfluidic chip have not been reviewed before.”
“BACKGROUND: A filamentous fungus Neurospora sitophila was immobilized in Zea mays silk tissue and the prepared system was employed as a new biosorbent for the treatment of reactive dye contaminated solutions.

RESULTS: Decolorization potential of the biosorbent system was investigated in batch and continuous mode operations. Design parameters such as pH, biomass dosage, contact time, temperature, dye concentration and flow rate were investigated. Batch mode equilibrium data were analyzed kinetically to determine the rate constants.

We showed that ORF9p is hyperphosphorylated during the infection, especially through its interaction with the viral Ser/Thr kinase ORF47p; we identified a consensus site within ORF9p recognized by ORF47p and demonstrated its importance for ORF9p phosphorylation.

Strikingly, an ultrastructural analysis revealed that the mutation of this consensus site (glutamate 85 to arginine) strongly affects viral assembly and release, reproducing the ORF47 kinase-dead VZV phenotype. It also slightly diminishes the infectivity toward immature dendritic cells. Taken together, our results identify ORF9p as a new viral substrate of ORF47p and suggest a determinant role of this phosphorylation PS-341 solubility dmso for viral infectivity, especially during the process of viral particle formation and egress.”
“Decades

of research has shown that people are poor at detecting lies. Two explanations for this finding have been proposed. First, it has been suggested that lie detection is inaccurate because people rely on invalid cues when judging deception. Second, it has been suggested that lack of valid cues to deception limits accuracy. A series of 4 meta-analyses tested these hypotheses with the framework of Brunswik’s (1952) lens model. Meta-Analysis I investigated perceived cues to deception by correlating 66 behavioral cues in 153 samples with deception judgments. People strongly associate deception with impressions of incompetence (r = .59) and ambivalence (r = 49). Contrary to self-reports, eye contact is only weakly correlated Epacadostat nmr with deception judgments (r = -.15). Cues to perceived deception were then compared with cues to actual deception. The results show a substantial covariation

between the 2 sets of cues LGX818 (r = .59 in Meta-Analysis 2, r = .72 in Meta-Analysis 3). Finally, in Meta-Analysis 4, a lens model analysis revealed a very strong matching between behaviorally based predictions of deception and behaviorally based predictions of perceived deception. In conclusion, contrary to previous assumptions, people rarely rely on the wrong cues. Instead, limitations in lie detection accuracy are mainly attributable to weaknesses in behavioral cues to deception. The results suggest that intuitive notions about deception are more accurate than explicit knowledge and that lie detection is more readily improved by increasing behavioral differences between liars and truth tellers than by informing lie-catchers of valid cues to deception.”
“Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is present in all cases of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) but in few European/North American sporadic BLs. Gene expression arrays of sporadic tumors have defined a consensus BL profile within which tumors are classifiable as “”molecular BL”" (mBL). Where endemic BLs fall relative to this profile remains unclear, since they not only carry EBV but also display one of two different forms of virus latency.